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Tasmanian cool temperate rainforests
Rainforest communities in Australia are classified as closed forests in which the canopy comprises 70-100% cover.〔Reid, J. B., Hill, R. S., Brown, M. J. & Hovenden, M. J. (2005) Vegetation of Tasmania, Australian Biological Resources Study〕 It can be divided into tropical, subtropical, monsoon and temperate rainforest.〔Adam, Paul. Australian rainforests. Oxford University Press, 1992.〕 Tasmanian rainforest is classified and as cool temperate rainforest, it represents the most floristically complex and best developed form of this forest type in Australia.〔 In Tasmania, they can be found in the West, South West, North East and in patches on the East Coast.〔 On the mainland of Australia, cool temperate rainforest have a wide variety of woodland trees, Tasmania only has a limited number of woodland and vascular plants such as mosses, liverworts, lichen and fungi.〔Jarman, S. J., G. Kantvilas, and Michael James Brown. Floristic and ecological studies in Tasmanian rainforest. Tasmanian Component of the National Rainforest Conservation Program, 1991.〕 Because of this, the definition of Tasmanian cool temperate rainforest was redefined in the 1980s to allow for communities that did not meet the canopy requirements and clearly separate cool temperate rainforest from mixed forest; The current definition states that cool temperate rainforest are those with trees usually greater than 8m in height and capable of regenerating in the absence of large scale catastrophic events such as fire.〔 These forests are climax vegetation and are dominated by angiosperms (''Nothofagus cunninghamii, Atherosperma moschatum'' and ''Eucryphia lucida'') as well as gymnosperms (''Athrotaxis selaginoides Lagarostrobos franklinii'' and ''Phyllocladus aspleniifolius''.〔Tabor, John, et al. "Colonisation of clearfelled coupes by rainforest tree species from mature mixed forest edges, Tasmania, Australia." Forest Ecology and Management 240.1 (2007): 13-23.〕 The limited number of woody species is thought to be due to repeated glaciation.〔Worth, J. R. F., Jordan, G. J., Mckinnon, G. E. & Vaillancourt, R. E. (2009) The major Australian cool temperate rainforest tree ''Nothofagus cunninghamii'' withstood Pleistocene glacial aridity within multiple regions: evidence from the chloroplast. ''New Phytologist'', 182, 519-532〕
Tasmanian cool temperate rainforest can be divided into four types: Callidendrous rainforest, Thamnic rainforest, Implicate rainforest and Open Montane.〔 These four major types differ in many of their characteristics such as structure, floristics, distribution, level of endemism and ecology.〔
==Community composition and descriptions==
Tasmanian cool temperate rainforest is composed of two alliances, the myrtle-beech ''(Nothofagus cunninghamii)'' alliance and the pencil pine (''Athrotaxis cupressoides''). The former is made up of callidendrous, thamnic and implicate, whilst the latter is all open montane.〔Jarman, S. J., Kantvilas, G. & Brown. M. J. (1994) Phytosociological studies in Tasmanian cool temperate rainforest. Phytocoenologia, 22, 355-390〕
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